[Diabetic retinopathy and maculopathy].

Diabetic retinopathy and maculopathy usually develop and progress without symptoms. Fundus screening is mandatory, since only advanced stages cause symptoms. Signs and symptoms that suggest the development of retinopathy are: ▶ sudden drop of visual acuity ▶ non-correctable drop of visual acuity If the macula is affected: ▶ impaired vision ▶ impaired colour vision ▶ blurred vision ▶ “floaters” seen in front of the eye; these are caused by vitreous haemorrhages or tractive retinal detachments. Risk Factors ! ▶ hyperglycaemia ▶ arterial hypertension ▶ diabetes duration ▶ hormonal changes (pregnancy, puberty) ▶ smoking ▶ concomitant nephropathy